Overview

Different weather models are produced on different cadences. Hourly models like HRRR, RAP, and NBM run every hour at the top of the hour. Synoptic models like GFS, NAM, and ECMWF run on a 6-hour cycle (00, 06, 12, 18 UTC). After a run is initialized, the data takes time to compute at the producing center, time to transfer over the network, and time for our ingest pipeline to load it into the database. The values below reflect the entire pipeline — from run initialization to data being queryable on wethr.net.

Model Schedule

Model Cadence Run Cycles (UTC) First Data In Fully Ingested
AROME-HD-15 Hourly Every hour ~56m after run ~56m after run
ARPEGE 4× daily 00, 06, 12, 18 ~4h 38m after run ~4h 38m after run
ARPEGE-EU 4× daily 00, 06, 12, 18 ~4h 21m after run ~4h 21m after run
ECMWF-HRES 4× daily 00, 06, 12, 18 ~6h 47m after run ~6h 47m after run
ECMWF-IFS 4× daily 00, 06, 12, 18 ~7h 55m after run ~7h 55m after run
GEFS 4× daily 00, 06, 12, 18 ~6h 6m after run ~6h 6m after run
GEM-GDPS 2× daily 00, 12 ~5h 34m after run ~5h 34m after run
GEM-HRDPS 4× daily 00, 06, 12, 18 ~4h 54m after run ~4h 54m after run
GFS 4× daily 00, 06, 12, 18 ~4h 59m after run ~4h 59m after run
GFS-MOS 4× daily 00, 06, 12, 18 ~4h 24m after run ~4h 24m after run
HRRR Hourly Every hour ~1h 0m after run ~1h 24m after run
ICON 4× daily 00, 06, 12, 18 ~3h 57m after run ~3h 57m after run
JMA 4× daily 00, 06, 12, 18 ~10h 1m after run ~10h 1m after run
LAV-MOS Hourly Every hour ~51m after run ~51m after run
NAM 4× daily 00, 06, 12, 18 ~3h 9m after run ~3h 9m after run
NAM-MOS 2× daily 00, 12 ~3h 3m after run ~3h 3m after run
NAM4KM 4× daily 00, 06, 12, 18 ~2h 59m after run ~2h 59m after run
NBM Hourly Every hour ~2h 7m after run ~2h 11m after run
NBS-MOS 4× daily 00, 06, 12, 18 ~1h 14m after run ~1h 14m after run
RAP Hourly Every hour ~1h 42m after run ~1h 42m after run
RRFS Hourly Every hour ~2h 18m after run ~2h 25m after run
UKMO 4× daily 00, 06, 12, 18 ~7h 41m after run ~7h 41m after run

About these values: "First Data In" is when the first forecast file from a given run lands in our database. "Fully Ingested" is when the last file lands. For most models the two values are essentially the same — the whole run lands within seconds of itself. The values shown are averages observed over a recent 7-day window and may vary by a few minutes from cycle to cycle.

How to Read This Table

Cadence & Run Cycles

Each row shows how often a model runs and which UTC hours it runs at. Hourly models like HRRR and NBM run every hour at the top of the hour. 4× daily models run at 00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC. GEM-GDPS and NAM-MOS only run twice a day, at 00 and 12 UTC.

First Data In & Fully Ingested

"First Data In" is the elapsed time between the run initialization time and when the first forecast file from that run arrives in our database. "Fully Ingested" is the elapsed time between the run initialization time and when the last forecast file arrives. For most models these two values are identical at minute precision because the entire run lands in our database within seconds. For HRRR, NBM, and RRFS the spread is larger, reflecting longer ingest windows.

What "After Run" Means

"After run" refers to the elapsed time from the model's nominal initialization time. For example, "~4h 59m after run" for GFS means the GFS 12:00 UTC run is typically first available around 16:59 UTC, and the 18:00 UTC run is typically first available around 22:59 UTC.

Tip: If you're building a workflow that depends on the latest model data being available on wethr.net, plan around the "Fully Ingested" times. Polling earlier may return partial data for a given run.

Producing Centers

The models on this page come from seven different weather forecasting centers around the world. Badge colors in the schedule table above are grouped by producing center:

  • NOAA — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (United States). Produces GFS, HRRR, NAM, NAM4KM, RAP, RRFS, NBM, GEFS, and the MOS family (GFS-MOS, NAM-MOS, NBS-MOS, LAV-MOS).
  • ECMWF — European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Produces ECMWF-HRES (high-resolution deterministic) and ECMWF-IFS (Integrated Forecast System).
  • UKMO — UK Met Office. Produces the UKMO global model.
  • Météo-France — French national meteorological service. Produces ARPEGE (global), ARPEGE-EU (European limited-area), and AROME-HD-15 (high-resolution regional).
  • DWD — Deutscher Wetterdienst (German national meteorological service). Produces ICON.
  • ECCC — Environment and Climate Change Canada. Produces GEM-GDPS (global) and GEM-HRDPS (high-resolution).
  • JMA — Japan Meteorological Agency. Produces the JMA Global Spectral Model.

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